reading: 47. Overview of Equity Securities
a. describe characteristics of types of equity securities. (page 253)
1. Common Stock
• Ownership interests → voting right
• Statutory voting : 1인 1투표권
• Cumulative voting : 1인 다투표권(한 후보에게 몰아주기가능)
• Residual claim
Preference Stock (= preferred stock)
• 주식과 채권성격 가짐 (고정적 div, 만기 없음)
• 보통 voting rights 없음
b. describe differences in voting rights and other ownership characteristics among different equity classes. (page 255)
- difference classes of common stock(차등의결권) : Class별로 의결권 차등 부여
c. distinguish between public and private equity securities. (page 255)
private equity
- 기관투자자만 참여
- Less liquidity, Negotiated price
- Limited disclosure, Lower reporting cost, Weaker Corporate governance
- Focus on Long Term prospect, Potentially greater return
types of private equity
• Venture capital
- early stage(seed, start-up)
- illiquid
• Leveraged buyouts(LBO)
– Leverage 활용해서 기업의 equity를 다 사버림.
- 구매주체가 current management이면 MBO(management)라고 부름
• Private investment in public equity(PIPE)
– 상장기업에 집중투자하는 사모펀드
d. describe methods for investing in non-domestic equity securities. (page 250)
▪ Direct investment : 해외 market에서 직접 주식 매입
▪ Depository receipts (DR) : 주권은 예탁은행(Depository Bank)에 맡기고 주주권을 표창하는 증서(DR)를 외국 시장에 발행하여 상장
- GDR(Global depository receipts) : 미국시장이 아닌 곳에서, 미국달러로 발행
- ADR(American depository receipts) : 미국시장에서, 미국달러로 발행
- Sponsored DR : 발행기업이 요청/비용부담, Voting right은 Investor에게
- Unsponsored DR : 투자자가 요청/비용부담, Voting right은 예탁기관에게
▪ Global registered share (GRS) : 여러나라에 여러나라 통화로 상장
▪ Basket of listed depository receipts (BLDR) : 여러 개의 DR을 모아서 만든 ETFs
e. compare the risk and return characteristics of different types of equity securities. (page 258)
▪ Return : Dividend income + Price change (capital gain) + Foreign exchange gains or losses
▪ Risk : SD of return
리스크 크기 비교
- P.S < C.S : Fixed dividend, Priority claim on income
- Putable < non-Callable < Callable
- Cumulative < non-Cumulative
f. explain the role of equity securities in the financing of a company's assets. (page 259)
▪ Raise capital → Investment → increase net income(BV↑) →maximize shareholder’s wealth(MV↑)
▪ Provide liquidity(상장주식 보유는 유동성/자본적정성 비율 규제 맞출 때 중요)
g. distinguish between the market value and book value of equity securities.(page 259)
▪ Book Value : Asset-Lia = NI이 RE에 반영되어 Equity B.V를 증가시킴
▪ Market Value : 시장에서 거래되는 주가는 미래 ‘기대(expectation)’를 반영.
h. compare a company's cost of equity, its (accounting) return on equity, and investors' required rates of return. (page 260)
▪ Cost of equity :
✓ shares의 기대되는 균형 return을 의미 → CAPM/DDM 등 활용하여 Ke추정
✓ minimum required rates of return의 proxy로 사용
▪ Required rates of return : 투자자마다 다른 추정 → 다양한 required return
▪ ROE=NI/BV
✓ Higher ROE가 반드시 좋은 지는 검증 필요( ex 부채조달을 통한 자사주 매입은 ROE 증가시키나 Risk 역시 증가)
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